2B+Chemistry

=Chemical reactions = toc

 describe, write equations and predict observations for the following reaction types:
 * acid-base
 * acid-carbonate
 * acid-metal
 * displacement
 * write equations that show only the species involved in the reaction
 * perform calculations
 * mass to volume (STP)
 * volume (STP) to moles
 * molecular formulae from empirical formula and molar mass
 * empirical formula calculations using percentage composition, mass composition and combustion data
 * limiting reagent.

=Acids and bases in aqueous solutions =


 * describe, explain and apply an understanding of the Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry models of acids and bases
 * describe and explain the difference between strong acids including HCl, H2SO4, HNO3 and weak acids including CH3COOH and H3PO4
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;"> identify acids by indicator colour and/or pH scale value

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;"> reaction with:
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">metals such as magnesium and iron
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">metal oxides
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">metal hydroxides


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">describe and explain the difference between strong bases including group 1 and group 2 hydroxides and weak bases including NH3 and Na2CO3
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">identify bases by indicator colour and/or pH scale value

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;"> reaction with:
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">acids
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">ammonium salts


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">write equations for the successive ionisation of polyprotic acids
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">qualitatively apply the pH scale
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">describe properties and reactions of non-metal and metal oxides e.g. reaction of SO2 with water

=<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; text-align: center;">Oxidation and reduction =


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">explain oxidation and reduction as an electron transfer process
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">calculate oxidation numbers
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">identify and name oxidants and reductants in equations
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">identify oxidation-reduction reactions using oxidation numbers
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">describe, write equations for and interpret observations for:
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">metal displacement reactions
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">halogen displacement reactions
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">write balanced simple redox equations (metal/metal ion, metal/hydrogen ion and halogen/halide ion)
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">describe and explain how an electric current is conducted in an electrolytic cell
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">describe and explain the following during the operation of an electrolytic cell:
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">anode processes
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">cathode processes
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">role of the electrolyte
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">direction of ion migration
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">direction of electron flow in external circuit
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">predict and name the electrode products for the electrolysis of molten metal halides only.

=<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; text-align: center;">Organic chemistry =


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">describe the bonding capacity of carbon
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">explain the diversity of carbon based compounds

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;"> Alkanes:
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">name and draw straight and simple branched to C8
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">observations and equations for
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">substitution reactions
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">combustion reactions
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">draw and name structural isomers

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;"> Alkenes:
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">name and draw straight and simple branched to C8 (only one double bond per structure)
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">write observations and equations for:
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">addition reactions with halogens and hydrogen
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">combustion reactions
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">draw and name structural and geometric isomers

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;"> Cycloalkanes and Cycloalkenes:
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">draw and name simple structures to C8
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">write observations and equations for:
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">substitution and combustion reactions for cycloalkanes
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">addition and combustion reactions for cycloalkenes

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;"> Benzene:
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">explain the unique structure and reactivity of benzene
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">write equations for:
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">catalysed substitution reactions with halogens
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">combustion reactions.

=<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; text-align: center;">Applied chemistry =


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">describe and explain the formation and impact of acids in the environment e.g. rain, acid rain, soil acidification in agriculture or acidification of ground water by mineral sulfides
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">describe electro-winning and electro-refining
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">describe and explain the sources and uses of hydrocarbons e.g. fuels
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">investigate real world problems in a laboratory setting with appropriate teacher direction, considering:
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">sources of uncertainty in experimental measurements
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">selection of the appropriate units of measurement of quantities such as volume and time
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">investigate a biological, environmental or industrial process applicable to the context/s chosen e.g. catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons, electroplating, electrowinning or chemistry in agriculture. Include:
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">a description of the chosen process
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">an explanation of the relationships between the chosen process and chemical models and theories

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;"> where appropriate:
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">safe handling and disposal of any materials or specific chemicals involved in the process
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">discussion of sustainability of the process
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">discussion of the environmental impact of the process.